the sphere of vapour or mist; region of clouds; atmosphere; air; firmament (in Veda one of the divisions of the world and distinguished from div or svar); vapour; mist; clouds; gloom; dimness; darkness; impurity; dirt; dust; any small particle of matter; the dust or pollen of flowers; cultivated or ploughed land (as "dusty" or "dirty"); arable land; fields; the menstrual discharge of a woman; the "darkening" quality; passion; emotion; affection; (in phil.) the second of the three Guṇas or qualities; a kind of plant; tin; autumn; sperm; safflower; a kind of weight; [min.] = sindūra